Singular taphonomic record of a wildfire event from middle Albian deposits of Escucha Formation in northeastern of Spain

A fossil plant assemblage composed of a great amount of macro, meso and microscopical charcoalifed remains occur in a single layer in Albian deposits of the Escucha Formation in northeastern Spain. This assemblage consists fundamentally of fragments of pinnae and pinnules corresponding to the Matoniaceous ferns Weichselia reticulata and Phlebopteris dunkeri also with some gymnosperm wood remains. The features of both the fossil plants and the deposit itself indicate accurate paleoenvironmental conditions related to the action of wildfires over the vegetation growing in freshwater swamp plains during Albian in Southwestern Eurasia.     

Preliminary palaeobotanical notes on the Early Cretaceous Cintura Formation (Sonora,Mexico)

The Cintura Formation of Albian–Cenomanian age in the Cabullona Basin yielded an important fossil flora, including palynomorphs, leaf impressions and fossil trunks. At the base of the Marquechi Member a poorly preserved palynomorph assemblage is recognised. The palynological assemblage is dominated by gymnosperms, mainly by cheirolepidiacean genus Classopollis. A noteworthy feature is the presence of angiosperm pollen grains of the genera Clavatipollenites, Retimonocolpites and Tucanopollis. A rich, diverse and well-preserved macroflora of leaf impressions has been observed in the uppermost part of this formation belonging to the San Juan Member. There are at least eight morphospecies of leaves including an abundance of taxa with possible botanical affinities to the family Sapindaceae. The angiosperm pollen grains together with the sapindalean leaves constitute the oldest record of such remains in Mexico.     

球形小壳化石在贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组的首次发现

贵州金沙岩孔剖面的寒武系牛蹄塘组为跨阶地层,以镍钼矿层为分界面,其上部属于筇竹寺阶,下部为梅树村阶。近期,作者利用15%左右的醋酸浸泡金沙岩孔剖面牛蹄塘组底部(梅树村阶)的岩样,发现了以球形化石为主的单胞、多胞球形类小壳动物化石,包括Olivooides pearformis和其余两类未确定的球形化石。此次球形化石的发现不仅丰富了牛蹄塘生物群的生物面貌,而且为解译早期后生动物的起源和演化、胚胎生物学提供了化石资料。     

松辽盆地来D13井地层划分对比研究

岩石组合特征和同位素数据表明,松辽盆地来D13井137.0—142.0m井段属于早白垩世晚期(Aptian—Albian期)营城组。104.2—137.0m井段光山核桃粉(Caryapollenites simplex)-拟榛莫米粉(Momipites coryloides)-朴粉未定种(Celtispollenites sp.)-具缘铁杉粉(Tsugaepollenites igniculus)组合特征可以与前人的大安组孢粉组合特征对比,反映的都是暖温带至北亚热带中生气候,而与晚白垩世嫩江组的孢粉组合特征截然不同,应该确定为早中新世晚期至中中新世的大安组。54.2—104.2m井段小蒿粉(Artemisiaepollenites minor)-拟桦粉未定种(Betulaceoipollenites sp.)-枥粉未定种(Carpinipites sp.)-水龙骨单缝孢未定种(Polypodiaceaesporites sp.)组合特征可以与前人的泰康组孢粉组合特征对比,反映的都是暖温带至北亚热带中生偏旱气候,这与前人依据岩石组合特征确定为泰康组的结论一致,孢粉组合时代分析表明,该井段沉积的时间为晚中新世至上新世初期。研究结果丰富了松辽盆地新近纪孢粉地层学内容,为松辽盆地西部斜坡区井下新近纪孢粉地层学对比提供了新资料,也为邻区新近纪生物地层学对比以及古植被和古气候分析提供了新的依据。     

塔里木盆地中央隆起区下志留统柯坪塔格组划分对比及分布规律

本文总结了塔里木盆地西北缘露头剖面和典型钻井(草1井与托甫2井)剖面柯坪塔格组岩电及生物特征,并在此基础上对中央隆起区32口主要钻井的柯坪塔格组进行连井地层划分对比及地震剖面标定追踪。结合对等T0图分析,探讨了研究区柯坪塔格组三段分布规律。研究表明,柯坪塔格组上段分布最广,除麻扎塔格-塘参1-顺南地区以南没有发育外,其余地区均有发育,地层厚度一般在100—300m不等,在顺托果勒地区及方1井区以北分布厚度最大,超过了300m。柯坪塔格组上段总体分布表现出南薄北厚、东西分布不均的特点。柯坪塔格组中段与柯坪塔格组下段分布局限,仅在和4-顺西1-顺南3-塔中32井以北地区有发育。柯坪塔格组中段厚度一般只有40—60m,柯坪塔格组下段厚度一般为200—300m,两者厚度均表现出南薄北厚的分布特点。     

黔东北石阡香树园剖面“龙马溪组”灰岩中的生物多样性

黔东北石阡香树园剖面志留系底部的"龙马溪组"沉积于上扬子区黔中古陆近岸浅海带,与其它远岸相的龙马溪组下部的黑色笔石页岩差异很大,厚度仅3.3m,为黄色、黄绿色含粉砂质页岩夹6个灰岩薄层或透镜体。从灰岩中识别出叠层石、海绵、床板珊瑚、四射珊瑚、三叶虫、介形类、腕足类和棘皮类等化石碎片类型,指示了奥陶纪末赫南特冰期结束后,适宜于各类底栖生物生长的生态条件在近岸区最早出现。     

四川宣汉晚三叠世孢粉组合及其古植被与古气候意义

对四川盆地东北缘宣汉七里峡剖面须家河组进行了详细的孢粉学研究,发现丰富的孢粉化石,共计59属113种,其中包括蕨类植物孢子35属62种,裸子植物花粉22属47种,苔藓类植物孢子1属3种,以及藻类化石1属1种。据此建立一个孢粉组合,命名为Dictyophyllidites-Lunzisporites-Chasmatosporites组合(简称DLC组合),并进一步分为上、下两个亚组合。根据孢粉组合内一些重要分子的地质时代延限及与国内外有关孢粉组合的对比,提出其地质时代属于晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期(Norian—Rhaetian)。该孢粉植物群反映了一个以蕨类植物的真蕨类、石松类和裸子植物的松柏类和苏铁类群等占主导且较为繁盛的植被面貌,揭示出温暖潮湿的亚热带—热带气候环境。     

云南曲靖下泥盆统西山村组四营鱼属(Siyingia)一新种(英文)

主要采用形态学与比较解剖学的方法,对采自云南曲靖地区下泥盆统西山村组中的1件盔甲鱼类标本进行了详细的形态学研究,建立了多鳃鱼类四营鱼属1新种:宽棘四营鱼(Siyingia perlatuspinosa sp.nov.),并据此修订了四营鱼属的特征。在此基础上,应用分支系统学对多鳃鱼类属一级的系统发育关系进行了重新分析与探讨,确定了四营鱼在多鳃鱼类中的系统发育位置。系统发育分析结果显示,四营鱼(Siyingia)与多鳃鱼(Polybranchiaspis)亲缘关系最近,二者形成了一个单系类群,与宽甲鱼(Laxaspis)+坝鱼(Damaspis)组成的单系类群互为姊妹群。宽棘四营鱼的发现不仅拓宽了四营鱼在华南的时空分布范围,而且丰富了多鳃鱼类的多样性,并为多鳃鱼类的深入研究提供了可靠的化石新证据。     

Tubular microfossils from the Ediacaran Weng’an Biota (Doushantuo Formation,South China) are not early animals

The early Ediacaran Weng’an Biota (ca. 609 Ma) of the Doushantuo Formation (Guizhou Province, China) encompasses an abundant and exquisitely preserved assemblage of phosphatic microfossils that have provided unique insight into the origin and early evolution of multicellular eukaryotes. However, the affinities of these early organisms are far from certain, including the tubular microfossils Crassitubulus, Quadratitubus, Ramitubulus, and Sinocyclocylcicus. These taxa have been widely accepted as stem-cnidarians or, alternatively, interpreted as filamentous cyanobacteria, or multicellular algae. We use high-resolution X-ray tomographic microscopy to analyse the structure and development of the four taxa. Our data and analysis allow us to conclude that these four taxa were not biomineralized. Crassitubulus, Quadratitubus, and Sinocyclocylcicus, may be grouped on the basis that they exhibit alternating complete and incomplete cross walls, and bipolar growth; which makes them favourably comparable to filamentous cyanobacteria. In contrast, Ramitubulus exhibits only complete cross walls, unipolar growth and dichotomous branching. These features are difficult to reconcile with a cyanobacterial interpretation. They are, instead, more indicative of multicellular algae-like Cambrian Epiphyton. Thus, the Weng’an tubular microfossils constitute a disparate assemblage of cyanobacteria and algae, but none represents early Ediacaran animals.     

昆明盾壳虫（Kunmingaspis Chang，1964）模式种的修订

文中阐述了Kunmingaspis属模式种在鉴定中出现的问题,即将难以观察辨认的性状连接关系简单地当作确切的分类依据,造成非规范化的系统描述。指出张文堂(1964)区分Kunmingaspis和Yuehsienszella两属特征显著差别之一的"眼脊内侧由头鞍的前侧角向外伸出"的论据不可靠,应改正为头鞍前叶或头鞍前外缘是否壮大或弯曲状态。Jell和Hughes(1997)延用并根据两属的模糊概念,在没有全面考察King(1941)标本头尾性状组合的情况下,将Ptychoparia sakesarensis归入Yuehsienszella szechuanensis欠妥。文中通过描述采自云南宜良县上伍营龙肇寺东山坡寒武系第二统上部至第三统下部陡坡寺组下部的新材料,分析P.sakesarensis King,1941和Yuehsienszella szechuanensis(Sun in Lu,1939)的形态差别,证明Kunmingaspis yunnanensis Chang,1964为P.sakesarensis晚出异名。故Kunmingaspis属的模式种应更名为Kunmingaspis sakesarensis。文中还简单地论述了早期褶颊虫类分类的相关问题。